Prediction pattern guide and examples
A special thanks to Wesley Teal from Wartburg College wesley.teal@wartburg.edu for contributing the original version of this document.
Don’t forget the required indicators
When you are entering the 853 field use indicators 0 and 3. A full 853 field would look something like this:
853 0 3 $$a v. $$b no. $$u 12 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$8 1 $$x 01
Holdings records 853 prediction patterns
More information: LOC MARC 853-855
And another source of deep information NASIG Serials Holdings Captions and Patterns
LOC MARC Chronological Patterns
$$a volume (top level enumeration)
$$b number/issue (secondary enumeration)
$$i chronology (year)
$$j (month) two-digit number 01-12; or (season) two digit number 21-24 Spring-Winter
$$k (day) two-digit number 01-31
$$u issues per year
$$v numbering pattern (repeating (r) or continuous (c))
$$w periodicity (monthly, weekly, etc. see “Frequency” below for exact codes)
$$x when new volume starts (see “calendar change” below)
$$y regularity pattern (has to do with combining or omitting issues) cm = combine months, om = omit months, pm = published months (makes combing and omitting possible) This will most often be used for things that are essentially monthly, even if only 7 issues per year
$$y can be used for months/seasons AND enumeration $$ce22/3 combines the second and third issue numbers. would combine the first enumeration field
$$8 linking subfield (default is 1)
$w - Frequency
One-character alphabetic code or a number that indicates the publication frequency of the item. Subfield $w is not related to a specific caption. It is input following the last Chronology caption used. Specific publishing pattern information is contained in subfield $y (Regularity), including exceptions to the frequency coded in this subfield. Subfield $p is also used when both a frequency code and number of pieces per issuance need to be recorded for multipart titles.
Codes
Used for a publishing pattern that has a fundamental periodicity.
a - Annual
j - Three times a month
b - Bimonthly
k - Continuously updated
c - Semiweekly
m - Monthly
d - Daily
q - Quarterly
e - Biweekly
s - Semimonthly
f - Semiannual
t - Three times a year
g - Biennial
w - Weekly
h - Triennial
x - Completely irregular
i - Three times a week
$x - Calendar change (Alma violates this MARC rule and uses this field to represent the start of the new VOLUME.)
One or more two- or four-character numeric codes that indicate the chronological point at which the highest level increments or changes. (Example: if the volume number changes in September $$x = 09)
Codes
Two-character code identifies the month or season of change. A four-character code in the pattern mmdd (2 for the month and 2 for the day) identifies the month and day of change. A month or day code of less than two digits is right justified and the unused position contains a zero.
Month
Day
Season
01-12 - Month
01-31 - Day
21 - Spring
22 - Summer
23 - Autumn
24 - Winter
Examples
Bimonthly
Bimonthly, 6 issues per volume, combines every two months starting with Jan/Feb, new volume in January (hack of monthly ($$w m rather than $$w b) to get joint months)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 6 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 01 $$y cm01/02,03/04,05/06,07/08,09/10,11/12 $$8 1
Bimonthly, 6 issues per volume, non-combined months, new volume in September
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 6 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w b $$8 1 $$x 09
Bimonthly, 6 issues per year, combines every two months, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 6 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w b $$8 1 $$x 01
Bimonthly, 6 issues per year, combines every two months, new volume in September
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 6 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w b $$8 1 $$x 09
Biweekly
Biweekly, 26 issues per volume, month and day used in chronology, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 26 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$k (day) $$w e $$8 1 $$x 01
Biweekly, continuous enumeration
$$a Issue $$v c $$i (year) $$j (month) $$k (day) $$w e $$8 1
Biweekly, 2 volumes per year, 13 issues per volume, new volumes in January and July
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 13 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$k (day) $$w e $$8 1 $$x 01,07
Monthly
Example of not having volume or issue numbers, but only year and month in $$a and $$b This style applies to any frequency. The result will look like 2021:01 (not 2021:Jan.)
$$a (year) $$b (month) $$u 12 $$v r $$w m $$8 1 $$x 01
Monthly, 12 issues per volume, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 12 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$8 1 $$x 01
Monthly, 12 issues per volume, new volume in August
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 12 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$8 1 $$x 08
Monthly, 6 issues per volume, new volume in January and in July (2 volumes per year) (if you combine or omit months, the pattern may not function correctly--Mark)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 6 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 01,07 $$8 1
Monthly, 11 issues per volume, new volume in November, combined Dec/Jan issue
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 11 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 11 $$y cm12/01 $$8 1
Monthly, 11 issues per volume, new volume in January, combined Jan/Feb issue
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 11 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 01 $$y cm01/02 $$8 1
Monthly, 11 issues per volume, combines Jun/Jul, new volume in August
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 11 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 08 $$y cm06/07 $$8 1
Monthly, 11 issues per volume, combines Jun/Jul, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 11 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$y cm06/07 $$8 1 $$x 01
Monthly, 10 issues per volume, omits July, August, new volume in September
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 10 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 09 $$y om07,08 $$8 1
Monthly, 10 issues per volume, combines Jan/Feb and Jul/Aug, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 10 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$x 01 $$y cm01/02,07/08 $$8 1
Monthly, 9 issues per year, combines May/Jun, Jul/Aug, Nov/Dec, new volume in September
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 9 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$y cm05/06,07/08,11/12 $$8 1 $$x 09
Monthly, 5 issues per volume, 2 volumes per year, combined Jan/Feb and July/Aug issues, new volumes in January and August (2 volumes per year)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 10 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$8 1 $$y pm01/02,03,04,05,06,07/08,09,10,11,12 $$x 01,07
Monthly, 9 issues per volume, omits July, combined May/Jun, Nov/Dec, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 9 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$y om07 $$y cm05/06,11/12 $$x 01 $$8 1
Monthly, 9 issues per volume, omits July, August, combines May/Jun, new volume in September
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 9 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$y cm05/06 $$y om07,08 $$8 1 $$x 09
Quarterly
Quarterly, 4 issues per volume, season name used in chronology, new volume in Spring
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 4 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (season) $$w q $$8 1 $$x 21
Quarterly, 4 issues per volume, season name used in chronology, new volume in Winter
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 4 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (season) $$w q $$8 1 $$x 24
Quarterly, 4 issues per volume, months used in chronology, new volume in October
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 4 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w q $$8 1 $$x 10
Quarterly, 4 issues per volume, months used in chronology, new volume in October, published Jan/Mar/Jun/Oct (This is actually a hack of a monthly pattern ($$w m instead of $$w q) because the quarterly pattern wouldn’t play nice with this unusual publication schedule)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 4 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w m $$8 1 $$y om02,04,05,07,08,09,11,12 $$x 10
Quarterly, 4 issues per year, seasons used in chronology, single continuous enumeration
$$a no. $$u 4 $$v c $$i (year) $$j (season) $$w q $$8 1
Quarterly, 4 issues per year, months used in chronology, new volume in December
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 4 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w q $$8 1 $$x 12
Triannual
Triannual, 3 issues per year, seasons used in chronology, new volume in Spring
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 3 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (season) $$w t $$y ps21,22,23 $$8 1 $$x 21
Triannual, 3 issues per year, seasons used in chronology, new volume in Autumn (hack of quarterly pattern because predictions weren’t working for some reason)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 3 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (season) $$w t $$y os21 $$8 1 $$x 23
Triannual, 3 issues per year, seasons used in chronology, new volume in Spring (hack of quarterly pattern because predictions weren’t working for some reason)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 3 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (season) $$w t $$y os23 $$8 1 $$x 21
Triannual, 3 issues per year, months used in chronology, new volume in April
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 3 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$w t $$y pm04,08,12 $$8 1 $$x 04
Triannual, 3 issues per year, only year used in chronology
(insert dummy published seasons or months in $$y, but exclude $$j so they do not display)
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 3 $$v r $$i (year) $$w t $$y ps21,22,23 $$8 1
Triannual, 3 issues per year, two season combined with combined issue numbering
b
Weekly
Weekly, 52 issues per year, no volume, issue numbering restarts in January
$$b no. $$u 52 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$k (day) $$w w $$x 01 $$8 1
Weekly, 52 issues per volume, new volume in January
$$a v. $$b no. $$u 52 $$v r $$i (year) $$j (month) $$k (day) $$w w $$8 1 $$x 01
By jdezember on 05-13-2024